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Canada thistle flowers, photo by WNY PRISM
Canada Thistle
COMMON NAME:
Canada thistleSCIENTIFIC NAME:
Cirsium arvenseORIGIN:
EuropeDESCRIPTION:
Canada thistle is a perennial thistle that grows 1.5-5 ft. tall, and is distinguished from other thistles by its extensive lateral root system, dense clonal growth, and by having male and female flower heads on separate plants. Flowers are small and light purple (sometimes white) in color. Its pale green leaves are variable, but generally irregularly lobed with many spines along their edges, and are arranged alternately on the stem. The stem is often slightly hairy and ridged.HABITAT:
Canada thistle grows in a wide range of wet to moist habitats, primarily in open areas such as pastures, prairies, wetlands, floodplains, roadsides and drainage ditches. It may also be found in open canopy woodlands and forests, and upland herbaceous communities.THREAT:
Canada thistle displaces native vegetation, lowering plant and animal diversity. It also poses an economic threat to farmers and ranchers, reducing crop yields and pasture productivity.MANAGEMENT:
Canada thistle can respond differently to management activities, so it is often necessary to implement multiple control techniques and continuously monitor their impacts. Canada thistle spreads primarily by vegetative means, and secondarily by seed, which means that mowing may be an effective means of suppression, but will not likely result in eradication or containment of the infestation. Mowing may be paired with a chemical treatment (cut, spot spray) for effective control. Treat entire infestations to prevent future re-sprouting.
WNY PRISM PRIORITY:
Tier 4 - Local Control
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:
Canada thistle is a prohibited species in New York State - for more information on Prohibited and Regulated Species, visit http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/99141.html.
NYS Prohibited and Regulated Species - Part 575:
PATHWAYS OF INVASION:
Canada thistle was introduced via agricultural seed shipments. Canada thistle spreads through vegetative means and human transportation.
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION:
Widespread